The following populations are considered at high risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Which tests to use: Screen for current or prior infection with HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb Total

• Anyone born in or traveling to a region of intermediate to high HBV prevalence (>2%)
  • Africa (all countries)
  • Asia: North Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia (all countries)
  • South Pacific (all countries except Australia and New Zealand)
  • Middle East (all countries except Cyprus and Israel)
  • Eastern Europe (all countries except Hungary)
  • Malta and Spain
  • Indigenous populations of Greenland
  • Alaskan natives
  • Indigenous populations of Northern Canada
  • Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras
  • South America (Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Amazonian areas)
  • Caribbean (Antigua-Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Turks and Caicos Islands)
• U.S.-born individuals not vaccinated as infants whose parents were born in regions with high HBV prevalence (>8%)
• Persons at risk for HBV infection by sexual exposure
  • Men who have sex with men
  • Persons with multiple sex partners
  • Persons seeking evaluation or treatment for an STD
  • Sex partners of HBSAg+ persons
• Persons at risk for HBV infection by percutaneous or mucosal exposure to blood
  • Anyone who has ever injected drugs
  • Household and needle-sharing contacts of HBsAg-positive persons
  • Residents and staff of facilities for developmentally disabled persons
  • Health care and public safety workers at risk for occupational exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body ?uids
  • Persons with end-stage renal disease, including pre-dialysis or any form of dialysis
  • Persons who are the source of blood or body fluid exposures(e.g., needlestick, sexual assault) that might require post-exposure prophylaxis
• Persons at risk for vertical transmission of HBV
  • All pregnant women
  • Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers
• Persons with chronic liver disease
  • Persons with chronic liver disease including HCV, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune hepatitis
  • Individuals with elevated ALT or AST of unknown etiology
• Persons who are immunosuppressed
  • Persons with HIV
  • Persons needing immunosuppressive therapy including
    • chemotherapy
    • immunosuppression related to organ transplantation
    • immunosuppression for rheumatological or gastroenterologic disorders
• Other
  • Donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, or semen
  • Inmates of correctional facilities
  • Unvaccinated persons with diabetes who are aged 19 through 59 years (clinician's discretion for unvaccinated adults with diabetes who are 60 or older)