for Health Care Providers
Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) Staging System - Liver Cancer
| Stage | TNM | Regional LNM | Distance Metastasis |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | T1 | N0 | M0 |
| II | T2 | N0 | M0 |
| III | T1 | N1 | M0 |
| T2 | N1 | M0 | |
| T3 | N0, N1 | M0 | |
| IVA | T4 | Any N | M0 |
| IVB | Any T | Any N | M1 |
- LNM: lymph node metastasis
- T1: solitary <= 2 cm, no vascular invasion
- T2: i) solitary <= 2 cm, vascular invasion; ii) multiple, one lobe, <= 2 cm, no vascular invasion; or iii) solitary, > 2 cm, no vascular invasion
- T3: i) solitary, > 2 cm, vascular invasion; ii) multiple, one lobe >= 2 cm, no vascular invasion; or iii) multiple, one lobe, > 2 cm, with or without vascular invasion
- T4: multiple, more than one lobe, invasion of major branch of portal or hepatic vein
- N0: no regional lymph node metastasis
- N1: regional lymph node metastasis
- M0: no distant metastasis
- M1: distant metastasis
Adapted from Yu AS and Keeff EB. Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2003; 3(i): 8-24.
